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Now showing items 2560-2579 of 4580
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Mathematical modelling of subclonal interactions in paediatric high-grade gliomas
(Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 2022-05-31)Despite a low overall mutational burden, paediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) display high intra-tumour heterogeneity. Accumulating evidence suggest the presence of cellular mechanisms that maintain such high heterogeneity, ... -
Maximising the potential of AKT inhibitors as anti-cancer treatments.
(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2017-04-01)PI3K/AKT signalling is commonly disrupted in human cancers, with AKT being a central component of the pathway, influencing multiple processes that are directly involved in tumourigenesis. Targeting AKT is therefore a highly ... -
MCPH1 inhibits Condensin II during interphase by regulating its SMC2-Kleisin interface.
(eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2021-12-01)Dramatic change in chromosomal DNA morphology between interphase and mitosis is a defining features of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Two types of enzymes, namely cohesin and condensin confer the topology of chromosomal DNA ... -
MDC1 Interacts with TOPBP1 to Maintain Chromosomal Stability during Mitosis.
(CELL PRESS, 2019-05-02)In mitosis, cells inactivate DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways to preserve genome stability. However, some early signaling events still occur, such as recruitment of the scaffold protein MDC1 to phosphorylated ... -
Mean heart dose variation over a course of breath-holding breast cancer radiotherapy.
(2016-11)Objective The purpose of the work was to estimate the dose received by the heart throughout a course of breath-holding breast radiotherapy.Methods 113 cone-beam CT (CBCT) scans were acquired for 20 patients treated within ... -
Measuring cancer evolution from the genome.
(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2017-01-01)The temporal dynamics of cancer evolution remain elusive, because it is impractical to longitudinally observe cancers unperturbed by treatment. Consequently, our knowledge of how cancers grow largely derives from inferences ... -
Measuring Clonal Evolution in Cancer with Genomics.
(ANNUAL REVIEWS, 2019-08-31)Cancers originate from somatic cells in the human body that have accumulated genetic alterations. These mutations modify the phenotype of the cells, allowing them to escape the homeostatic regulation that maintains normal ... -
Measuring single cell divisions in human tissues from multi-region sequencing data.
(NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2020-02-25)Both normal tissue development and cancer growth are driven by a branching process of cell division and mutation accumulation that leads to intra-tissue genetic heterogeneity. However, quantifying somatic evolution in ... -
Measuring the distribution of fitness effects in somatic evolution by combining clonal dynamics with dN/dS ratios.
(ELIFE SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2020-03-30)The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) defines how new mutations spread through an evolving population. The ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous mutations (dN/dS) has become a popular method to detect selection in ... -
Measuring tumour evolution at the genetic and epigenetic level in individual patients from cancer genomic data
(Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 2020-01-31)High-throughput genomic data from cancers uncovered high intra and inter-tumour heterogeneity and subclonal architecture of cancer cell populations. If we consider cells as asexually reproducing individuals, we can apply ... -
Mechanical and Systems Biology of Cancer.
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2018-01-01)Mechanics and biochemical signaling are both often deregulated in cancer, leading toincreased cell invasiveness, proliferation, and survival. The dynamics and interactions of cytoskeletal components control basic mechanical ... -
Mechanism and non-mechanism based imaging biomarkers for assessing biological response to treatment in non-small cell lung cancer.
(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2016-05-01)Therapeutic options in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have expanded in the past decade to include a palate of targeted interventions such as high dose targeted thermal ablations, radiotherapy and growing ... -
Mechanism for remodelling of the cell cycle checkpoint protein MAD2 by the ATPase TRIP13.
(NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2018-07-12)The maintenance of genome stability during mitosis is coordinated by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) through its effector the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), an inhibitor of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C, ... -
Mechanism of assembly, activation and lysine selection by the SIN3B histone deacetylase complex.
(NATURE PORTFOLIO, 2023-05-03)Lysine acetylation in histone tails is a key post-translational modification that controls transcription activation. Histone deacetylase complexes remove histone acetylation, thereby repressing transcription and regulating ... -
Mechanism of selective recruitment of RNA polymerases II and III to snRNA gene promoters.
(COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT, 2018-05-01)RNA polymerase II (Pol II) small nuclear RNA (snRNA) promoters and type 3 Pol III promoters have highly similar structures; both contain an interchangeable enhancer and "proximal sequence element" (PSE), which recruits the ... -
Mechanism-based screen establishes signalling framework for DNA damage-associated G1 checkpoint response.
(PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2012-02-27)DNA damage activates checkpoint controls which block progression of cells through the division cycle. Several different checkpoints exist that control transit at different positions in the cell cycle. A role for checkpoint ... -
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency’s “Consultation on proposals for legislative changes for clinical trials”: a response from the Trials Methodology Research Partnership Adaptive Designs Working Group, with a focus on data sharing
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2023-10-05)<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency consulted on proposals “to improve and strengthen the UK clinical trials legislation to help us make the UK the ... -
Meeting report from the joint IARC-NCI international cancer seminar series: a focus on colorectal cancer.
(ELSEVIER, 2019-04-01)Despite significant progress in our understanding of the etiology, biology and genetics of colorectal cancer, as well as important clinical advances, it remains the third most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide and is ... -
Meis1 is an essential and rate-limiting regulator of MLL leukemia stem cell potential
(COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT, 2007-11-01)Oncogenic mutations of the MLL histone methyltransferase confer an unusual ability to transform non-self-renewing myeloid progenitors into leukemia stem cells (LSCs) by mechanisms that remain poorly defined. Misregulation ... -
MEKK3 coordinates with FBW7 to regulate WDR62 stability and neurogenesis.
(PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2018-12-01)Mutations of WD repeat domain 62 (WDR62) lead to autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH), and down-regulation of WDR62 expression causes the loss of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). However, how WDR62 is regulated ...