Dose-escalation trials aim to identify the maximum tolerated dose and, importantly, the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) and rely on the occurrence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) during the first treatment cycle. ...

Background Nivolumab, a monoclonal antibody of immune checkpoint programmed death 1 on T cells (PD-1), combined with ipilimumab, an immune checkpoint cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor, as ...

Small cell transformation is a rare but well recognised mechanism of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI therapy in EGFR-mutated NSCLC, but optimal drug therapy thereof is unknown. Nivolumab has demonstrated activity in relapsed ...

Imatinib, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is currently the standard of care first-line treatment for unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), improving survival time and delaying disease ...

Purpose Mucosal melanoma is an aggressive malignancy with a poor response to conventional therapies. The efficacy and safety of nivolumab (a programmed death-1 checkpoint inhibitor), alone or combined with ipilimumab (a ...

Background The androgen receptor splice variant-7 (AR-V7) has been implicated in the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide.Objective To develop a validated ...

A new way of delivering radiotherapy at very high dose rates is described and compared with conventional radiotherapy. The ultrahigh dose-rate therapy reduces damage to normal pig skin and exerts potent activity against ...

Background and aim REGARD and RAINBOW were global, phase 3, randomized, double-blind trials of second-line ramucirumab for metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Exploratory subgroup analyses were ...

Objective To identify patient factors that are associated with emergency presentation of esophageal and gastric cancer, and further to evaluate long-term prognosis in this cohort.Background The incidence of emergency ...