The spectrum of cardiovascular complications related to immune-checkpoint inhibitor treatment : Including myocarditis and the new entity of non inflammatory left ventricular dysfunction.
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Authors
Andres, MS
Ramalingam, S
Rosen, SD
Baksi, J
Khattar, R
Kirichenko, Y
Young, K
Yousaf, N
Okines, A
Huddart, R
Harrington, K
Furness, AJS
Turajlic, S
Pickering, L
Popat, S
Larkin, J
Lyon, AR
Ramalingam, S
Rosen, SD
Baksi, J
Khattar, R
Kirichenko, Y
Young, K
Yousaf, N
Okines, A
Huddart, R
Harrington, K
Furness, AJS
Turajlic, S
Pickering, L
Popat, S
Larkin, J
Lyon, AR
Document Type
Journal Article
Date
2022-11-24
Date Accepted
2022-11-07
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The full range of cardiovascular complications related to the use of Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is not fully understood. We aim to describe the spectrum of cardiovascular adverse events (cvAEs) by presenting our real-world experience of the diagnosis and management of these complications. METHODS: Two thousand six hundred and forty-seven (2647) patients were started on ICI treatment between 2014 and 2020. Data from 110 patients referred to the cardio-oncology service with a suspected cvAE was collected prospectively and analysed. RESULTS: Eighty-nine patients (3.4%) were confirmed to have cvAEs while on ICI therapy. Myocarditis was the most frequent event (33/89), followed by tachyarrhythmia (27/89), non-inflammatory left ventricular dysfunction (NILVD) (15/89) and pericarditis (7/89). Results from myocarditis and non-inflammatory left ventricular dysfunction cohorts were compared. Myocarditis and NILVD showed significant differences in respect toof troponin elevation, cardiac magnetic resonance abnormalities and ventricular function. Dual ICI therapy and other immune related adverse events were more frequently associated with myocarditis than NILVD. There was a significant difference in the median time from starting ICI treatment to presentation with myocarditis versus NILVD (12 vs 26 weeks p = 0.049). Through early recognition of myocarditis, prompt treatment with steroids and interruption of ICI, there were no cardiovascular in-hospital deaths. NILVD did not require steroid treatment and ICI could be restarted safely. CONCLUSIONS: The full spectrum of cardiovascular complications in patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors is much broader than initially described. Myocarditis remains the most frequent cvAE related to ICI treatment. A novel type of myocardial injury was observed and defined as Atrial tachyarrhythmias and NILVD were also frequent in this cohort. NILVD has a This differs fromdifferent presentation from ICI-related myocarditis, mainly usually presenting afterby the lack of inflammatory features on CMR and biomarkers and a later presentation in time.
Citation
Cardio-Oncology, 2022, 8 (1), pp. 21 -
Source Title
Cardio-Oncology
Publisher
BMC
ISSN
2057-3804
eISSN
2057-3804
2057-3804
2057-3804
Collections
Research Team
Clinic Acad RT Huddart
Targeted Therapy
Skin Unit
Targeted Therapy
Skin Unit