Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of the Current Evidence.
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ICR Authors
Authors
Rebuzzi, SE
Banna, GL
Murianni, V
Damassi, A
Giunta, EF
Fraggetta, F
De Giorgi, U
Cathomas, R
Rescigno, P
Brunelli, M
Fornarini, G
Banna, GL
Murianni, V
Damassi, A
Giunta, EF
Fraggetta, F
De Giorgi, U
Cathomas, R
Rescigno, P
Brunelli, M
Fornarini, G
Document Type
Journal Article
Date
2021-11-03
Date Accepted
2021-11-01
Abstract
In recent years, the treatment landscape of urothelial carcinoma has significantly changed due to the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which are the standard of care for second-line treatment and first-line platinum-ineligible patients with advanced disease. Despite the overall survival improvement, only a minority of patients benefit from this immunotherapy. Therefore, there is an unmet need to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers or models to select patients who will benefit from ICIs, especially in view of novel therapeutic agents. This review describes the prognostic and predictive role, and clinical readiness, of clinical and tumour factors, including new molecular classes, tumour mutational burden, mutational signatures, circulating tumour DNA, programmed death-ligand 1, inflammatory indices and clinical characteristics for patients with urothelial cancer treated with ICIs. A classification of these factors according to the levels of evidence and grades of recommendation currently indicates both a prognostic and predictive value for ctDNA and a prognostic relevance only for concomitant medications and patients' characteristics.
Citation
Cancers, 2021, 13 (21)
Source Title
Publisher
MDPI
ISSN
2072-6694
eISSN
2072-6694
2072-6694
2072-6694
Collections
Research Team
Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group