SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Immunogenicity in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer Receiving Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy.
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Embargo End Date
ICR Authors
Authors
Lau, DK
Aresu, M
Planche, T
Tran, A
Lazaro-Alcausi, R
Duncan, J
Kidd, S
Cromarty, S
Begum, R
Rana, I
Li, S
Mohamed, AA
Monahan, I
Clark, DJ
Eckersley, N
Staines, HM
Groppelli, E
Krishna, S
Mayora-Neto, M
Temperton, N
Fribbens, C
Watkins, D
Starling, N
Chau, I
Cunningham, D
Rao, S
Aresu, M
Planche, T
Tran, A
Lazaro-Alcausi, R
Duncan, J
Kidd, S
Cromarty, S
Begum, R
Rana, I
Li, S
Mohamed, AA
Monahan, I
Clark, DJ
Eckersley, N
Staines, HM
Groppelli, E
Krishna, S
Mayora-Neto, M
Temperton, N
Fribbens, C
Watkins, D
Starling, N
Chau, I
Cunningham, D
Rao, S
Document Type
Journal Article
Date
2022-11-07
Date Accepted
2022-09-29
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers have an increased risk of serious complications and death from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The immunogenicity of vaccines in patients with GI cancers receiving anti-cancer therapies is unclear. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies in a cohort of GI cancer patients receiving chemotherapy following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2020 and April 2021, patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy were enrolled. At baseline (day 0), days 28, 56, and 84, we assessed serum antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike (anti-S) and anti-nucleocapsid (anti-NP) and concomitantly assessed virus neutralization using a pseudovirus neutralization assay. Patients received either the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2, or the Oxford/AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 vaccine. RESULTS: All 152 patients enrolled had a prior diagnosis of cancer; colorectal (n = 80, 52.6%), oesophagogastric (n = 38, 25.0%), and hepato pancreatic biliary (n = 22, 12.5%). Nearly all were receiving systemic anti-cancer therapy (99.3%). Of the 51 patients who did not receive a vaccination prior to, or during the study, 5 patients had detectable anti-NP antibodies. Ninety-nine patients received at least one dose of vaccine prior to, or during the study. Within 19 days following the first dose of vaccine, 30.0% had anti-S detected in serum which increased to 70.2% at days 20-39. In the 19 days following a second dose, anti-S positivity was 84.2% (32/38). However, pseudovirus neutralization titers (pVNT80) decreased from days 20 to 39. CONCLUSION: Despite the immunosuppressive effects of chemotherapy, 2 doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are able to elicit a protective immune response in patients' ongoing treatment for gastrointestinal cancers. Decreases in pseudoviral neutralization were observed after 20-39 days, re-affirming the current recommendation for vaccine booster doses. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04427280.
Citation
The Oncologist, 2022, pp. oyac230 -
Source Title
The Oncologist
Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
ISSN
1083-7159
eISSN
1549-490X
1549-490X
1549-490X
Collections
Research Team
Medicine (RMH)