The Immune Landscape and Its Potential for Immunotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer.
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Embargo End Date
ICR Authors
Authors
Santoso, A
Levink, I
Pihlak, R
Chau, I
Levink, I
Pihlak, R
Chau, I
Document Type
Journal Article
Date
2024-12-31
Date Accepted
2024-12-25
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are a highly heterogeneous group of cancers at the genomic, epigenetic and molecular levels. The vast majority of patients initially present at an advanced (unresectable) disease stage due to a lack of symptoms and an aggressive tumour biology. Chemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment in patients with advanced BTC but the survival outcomes and prognosis remain poor. The addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) to chemotherapy have shown only a marginal benefit over chemotherapy alone due to the complex tumour immune microenvironment of these cancers. This review appraises our current understanding of the immune landscape of advanced BTC, including emerging transcriptome-based classifications, highlighting the mechanisms of immune evasion and resistance to ICI and their therapeutic implications. It describes the shifting treatment paradigm from traditional chemotherapy to immunotherapy combinations as well as the potential biomarkers for predicting response to ICI.
Citation
Current Oncology, 2024, 32 (1), pp. 24 -
Source Title
Current Oncology
Publisher
MDPI
ISSN
1198-0052
eISSN
1718-7729