Browsing ICR Divisions by title
Now showing items 2993-3012 of 4698
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Operational complexity versus design efficiency: challenges of implementing a phase IIa multiple parallel cohort targeted treatment platform trial in advanced breast cancer.
(BMC, 2022-05-07)BACKGROUND: Platform trial designs are used increasingly in cancer clinical research and are considered an efficient model for evaluating multiple compounds within a single disease or disease subtype. However, these trial ... -
OpEx - a validated, automated pipeline optimised for clinical exome sequence analysis.
(NATURE PORTFOLIO, 2016-08-03)We present an easy-to-use, open-source Optimised Exome analysis tool, OpEx (http://icr.ac.uk/opex) that accurately detects small-scale variation, including indels, to clinical standards. We evaluated OpEx performance with ... -
Opinion: PARP inhibitors in cancer-what do we still need to know?
(The Royal Society, 2022-07-01)PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have been demonstrated to exhibit profound anti-tumour activity in individuals whose cancers have a defect in the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway. Here, we describe the current consensus ... -
Opportunities for research in molecular radiotherapy.
(2017-03)Cancer has been treated with radiopharmaceuticals for 80 years. A recent National Cancer Research Institute report from the Clinical and Translational Radiotherapy Research Working Group reviews the current status of ... -
Optical photon transport in powdered-phosphor scintillators. Part 1. Multiple-scattering and validity of the Boltzmann transport equation
(AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS, 2013-04)Purpose: In Part 1 of this two-part work, predictions for light transport in powdered-phosphor screens are made, based on three distinct approaches. Predictions of geometrical optics-based ray tracing through an explicit ... -
Optical photon transport in powdered-phosphor scintillators. Part II. Calculation of single-scattering transport parameters
(AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS, 2013-04)Purpose: Monte Carlo methods based on the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) have previously been used to model light transport in powdered-phosphor scintillator screens. Physically motivated guesses or, alternatively, the ... -
Optically and acoustically triggerable sub-micron phase-change contrast agents for enhanced photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging.
(ELSEVIER GMBH, 2017-06-01)We demonstrate a versatile phase-change sub-micron contrast agent providing three modes of contrast enhancement: 1) photoacoustic imaging contrast, 2) ultrasound contrast with optical activation, and 3) ultrasound contrast ... -
Optimal acquisition scheme for flow-compensated intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging in the abdomen: An accurate and precise clinically feasible protocol.
(WILEY, 2020-03-01)PURPOSE: Flow-compensated (FC) diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) for intravoxel-incoherent motion (IVIM) modeling allows for a more detailed description of tissue microvasculature than conventional IVIM. The long acquisition ... -
Optimal Clinical Management and the Molecular Biology of Angiosarcomas.
(MDPI, 2020-11-10)Angiosarcomas comprise less than 3% of all soft tissue sarcomas but have a poor prognosis. Most angiosarcomas occur without obvious risk factors but secondary angiosarcoma could arise after radiotherapy or chronic lymphedema. ... -
Optimal Threshold for a Positive Hybrid Capture 2 Test for Detection of Human Papillomavirus: Data from the ARTISTIC Trial
(AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY, 2010-02)We present data on the use of the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) test for the detection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) with different thresholds for positivity within a primary screening setting and as a method of ... -
Optimisation of a composite difference metric for prompt error detection in real-time portal dosimetry of simulated volumetric modulated arc therapy
(British Institute of Radiology, 2021-04-01)Objectives: In real-time portal dosimetry, thresholds are set for several measures of difference between predicted and measured images, and signals larger than those thresholds signify an error. The aim of this work is to ... -
Optimisation of b-values for the accurate estimation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI in patients with metastatic melanoma.
(SPRINGER, 2022-09-28)OBJECTIVE: To establish optimised diffusion weightings ('b-values') for acquisition of whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI (WB-DWI) for estimation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in patients with metastatic ... -
Optimised ARID1A immunohistochemistry is an accurate predictor of ARID1A mutational status in gynaecological cancers.
(WILEY, 2018-07-20)ARID1A is a tumour suppressor gene that is frequently mutated in clear cell and endometrioid carcinomas of the ovary and endometrium and is an important clinical biomarker for novel treatment approaches for patients with ... -
Optimising CT-guided biopsies of sclerotic bone lesions in cancer patients.
(SPRINGER, 2022-07-26)OBJECTIVES: Investigate the laboratory, imaging and procedural factors that are associated with a tumour-positive and/or NGS-feasible CT-guided sclerotic bone lesion biopsy result in cancer patients. METHODS: In total, 113 ... -
Optimising head and neck radiotherapy treatment using adaptive radiotherapy
(Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 2021-10-31)Radiotherapy delivery in head and neck cancer (HNC) has dramatically improved recently with the introduction of advanced techniques such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and image-guided radiation therapy ... -
Optimising Multimodality Treatment of Resectable Oesophago-Gastric Adenocarcinoma.
(2022-01-24)Oesophago-gastric adenocarcinoma remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although there has been an enormous progress in the multimodality management of resectable oesophago-gastric ... -
Optimising the value of immunomodulatory drugs during induction and maintenance in transplant ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: results from Myeloma XI, a multicentre, open-label, randomised, Phase III trial.
(WILEY, 2021-03-01)Second-generation immunomodulatory agents, such as lenalidomide, have a more favourable side-effect profile than the first-generation thalidomide, but their optimum combination and duration for patients with newly diagnosed ... -
Optimising trial methodologies to maximise trial efficiencies: a case study in breast cancer radiotherapy trials
(Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 2020-01-31)Background: In an era of falling local relapse rates, the risk-benefit ratio of adjuvant breast radiotherapy requires careful consideration, and the collection of normal tissue effect (NTE) data optimised. For patients at ... -
Optimized Modeling of Metastatic Triple-Negative Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma.
(MDPI, 2023-06-22)Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a common breast cancer subtype that is often diagnosed at advanced stages and causes significant morbidity. Late-onset secondary tumor recurrence affects up to 30% of ILC patients, posing ...