dc.contributor.author | Greaves, M | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-01-16T10:03:55Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2018-08-01 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Nature reviews. Cancer, 2018, 18 (8), pp. 471 - 484 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1474-175X | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repository.icr.ac.uk/handle/internal/3490 | |
dc.identifier.eissn | 1474-1768 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1038/s41568-018-0015-6 | |
dc.description.abstract | In this Review, I present evidence supporting a multifactorial causation of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), a major subtype of paediatric cancer. ALL evolves in two discrete steps. First, in utero initiation by fusion gene formation or hyperdiploidy generates a covert, pre-leukaemic clone. Second, in a small fraction of these cases, the postnatal acquisition of secondary genetic changes (primarily V(D)J recombination-activating protein (RAG) and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-driven copy number alterations in the case of ETS translocation variant 6 (ETV6)-runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1)+ ALL) drives conversion to overt leukaemia. Epidemiological and modelling studies endorse a dual role for common infections. Microbial exposures earlier in life are protective but, in their absence, later infections trigger the critical secondary mutations. Risk is further modified by inherited genetics, chance and, probably, diet. Childhood ALL can be viewed as a paradoxical consequence of progress in modern societies, where behavioural changes have restrained early microbial exposure. This engenders an evolutionary mismatch between historical adaptations of the immune system and contemporary lifestyles. Childhood ALL may be a preventable cancer. | |
dc.format | Print | |
dc.format.extent | 471 - 484 | |
dc.language | eng | |
dc.language.iso | eng | |
dc.publisher | NATURE PORTFOLIO | |
dc.rights.uri | https://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved | |
dc.subject | Humans | |
dc.subject | Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl | |
dc.subject | Oncogene Proteins, Fusion | |
dc.subject | Causality | |
dc.subject | Mutation | |
dc.subject | Genes, RAG-1 | |
dc.subject | Child | |
dc.subject | Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit | |
dc.subject | Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein | |
dc.subject | Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma | |
dc.subject | V(D)J Recombination | |
dc.subject | Infections | |
dc.title | A causal mechanism for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. | |
dc.type | Journal Article | |
rioxxterms.versionofrecord | 10.1038/s41568-018-0015-6 | |
rioxxterms.licenseref.uri | https://www.rioxx.net/licenses/all-rights-reserved | |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2018-08 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | |
dc.relation.isPartOf | Nature reviews. Cancer | |
pubs.issue | 8 | |
pubs.notes | Not known | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Molecular Pathology | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Molecular Pathology/Biology of Childhood Leukaemia | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Molecular Pathology | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Molecular Pathology/Biology of Childhood Leukaemia | |
pubs.publication-status | Published | |
pubs.volume | 18 | |
pubs.embargo.terms | Not known | |
icr.researchteam | Biology of Childhood Leukaemia | |
dc.contributor.icrauthor | Greaves, Melvyn | |