dc.contributor.author | Jones, ME | |
dc.contributor.author | Schoemaker, MJ | |
dc.contributor.author | Wright, LB | |
dc.contributor.author | Ashworth, A | |
dc.contributor.author | Swerdlow, AJ | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2017-12-01T12:06:14Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2017-11-22 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Breast cancer research : BCR, 2017, 19 (1), pp. 118 - ? | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1465-5411 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repository.icr.ac.uk/handle/internal/960 | |
dc.identifier.eissn | 1465-542X | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1186/s13058-017-0908-4 | |
dc.description.abstract | BACKGROUND: Plausible biological reasons exist regarding why smoking could affect breast cancer risk, but epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. METHODS: We used serial questionnaire information from the Generations Study cohort (United Kingdom) to estimate HRs for breast cancer in relation to smoking adjusted for potentially confounding factors, including alcohol intake. RESULTS: Among 102,927 women recruited 2003-2013, with an average of 7.7 years of follow-up, 1815 developed invasive breast cancer. The HR (reference group was never smokers) was 1.14 (95% CI 1.03-1.25; P = 0.010) for ever smokers, 1.24 (95% CI 1.08-1.43; P = 0.002) for starting smoking at ages < 17 years, and 1.23 (1.07-1.41; P = 0.004) for starting smoking 1-4 years after menarche. Breast cancer risk was not statistically associated with interval from initiation of smoking to first birth (P-trend = 0.97). Women with a family history of breast cancer (ever smoker vs never smoker HR 1.35; 95% CI 1.12-1.62; P = 0.002) had a significantly larger HR in relation to ever smokers (P for interaction = 0.039) than women without (ever smoker vs never smoker HR 1.07; 95% CI 0.96-1.20; P = 0.22). The interaction was prominent for age at starting smoking (P = 0.003) and starting smoking relative to age at menarche (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking was associated with a modest but significantly increased risk of breast cancer, particularly among women who started smoking at adolescent or peri-menarcheal ages. The relative risk of breast cancer associated with smoking was greater for women with a family history of the disease. | |
dc.format | Electronic | |
dc.format.extent | 118 - ? | |
dc.language | eng | |
dc.language.iso | eng | |
dc.publisher | BMC | |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 | |
dc.subject | Humans | |
dc.subject | Breast Neoplasms | |
dc.subject | Population Surveillance | |
dc.subject | Risk Assessment | |
dc.subject | Risk Factors | |
dc.subject | Cohort Studies | |
dc.subject | Smoking | |
dc.subject | History, 21st Century | |
dc.subject | Adult | |
dc.subject | Middle Aged | |
dc.subject | Female | |
dc.subject | Surveys and Questionnaires | |
dc.subject | Biomarkers, Tumor | |
dc.subject | United Kingdom | |
dc.title | Smoking and risk of breast cancer in the Generations Study cohort. | |
dc.type | Journal Article | |
dcterms.dateAccepted | 2017-10-11 | |
rioxxterms.versionofrecord | 10.1186/s13058-017-0908-4 | |
rioxxterms.licenseref.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 | |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2017-11-22 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | |
dc.relation.isPartOf | Breast cancer research : BCR | |
pubs.issue | 1 | |
pubs.notes | Not known | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Breast Cancer Research | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Breast Cancer Research/Aetiological Epidemiology | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Genetics and Epidemiology | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Genetics and Epidemiology/Aetiological Epidemiology | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Breast Cancer Research | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Breast Cancer Research/Aetiological Epidemiology | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Genetics and Epidemiology | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Genetics and Epidemiology/Aetiological Epidemiology | |
pubs.publication-status | Published | |
pubs.volume | 19 | |
pubs.embargo.terms | Not known | |
icr.researchteam | Aetiological Epidemiology | |
dc.contributor.icrauthor | Jones, Michael | |
dc.contributor.icrauthor | Schoemaker, Minouk | |
dc.contributor.icrauthor | Wright, Lauren | |
dc.contributor.icrauthor | Swerdlow, Anthony | |