dc.contributor.author | Schoemaker, MJ | |
dc.contributor.author | Folkerd, EJ | |
dc.contributor.author | Jones, ME | |
dc.contributor.author | Rae, M | |
dc.contributor.author | Allen, S | |
dc.contributor.author | Ashworth, A | |
dc.contributor.author | Dowsett, M | |
dc.contributor.author | Swerdlow, AJ | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-08-14T15:39:57Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2014-04-02 | |
dc.identifier.citation | British journal of cancer, 2014, 110 (7), pp. 1898 - 1907 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 0007-0920 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repository.icr.ac.uk/handle/internal/3975 | |
dc.identifier.eissn | 1532-1827 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1038/bjc.2014.64 | |
dc.description.abstract | BACKGROUND: Mammographic density and sex hormone levels are strong risk factors for breast cancer, but it is unclear whether they represent the same aetiological entity or are independent risk factors. METHODS: Within the Breakthrough Generations Study cohort, we conducted a case-control study of 265 postmenopausal breast cancer cases and 343 controls with prediagnostic mammograms and blood samples. Plasma was assayed for oestradiol, testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations and mammographic density assessed by Cumulus. RESULTS: Oestradiol and testosterone were negatively and SHBG positively associated with percentage density and absolute dense area, but after adjusting for body mass index the associations remained significant only for SHBG. Breast cancer risk was independently and significantly positively associated with percentage density (P=0.002), oestradiol (P=0.002) and testosterone (P=0.007) levels. Women in the highest tertile of both density and sex hormone level were at greatest risk, with an odds ratio of 7.81 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.89-21.1) for oestradiol and 4.57 (95% CI: 1.75-11.9) for testosterone and high density compared with those who were in the lowest tertiles. The cumulative risk of breast cancer in the highest oestradiol and density tertiles, representing 8% of controls, was estimated as 12.8% at ages 50-69 years and 19.4% at ages 20-79 years, and in the lowest tertiles was 1.7% and 4.3%, respectively. Associations of breast cancer risk with tertiles of mammographic dense area were less strong than for percentage density. CONCLUSIONS: Endogenous sex hormone levels and mammographic density are independent risk factors for postmenopausal breast cancer, which in combination can identify women who might benefit from increased frequency of screening and chemoprophylaxis. | |
dc.format | Print-Electronic | |
dc.format.extent | 1898 - 1907 | |
dc.language | eng | |
dc.language.iso | eng | |
dc.publisher | NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP | |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 | |
dc.subject | Mammary Glands, Human | |
dc.subject | Humans | |
dc.subject | Breast Neoplasms | |
dc.subject | Testosterone | |
dc.subject | Estradiol | |
dc.subject | Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin | |
dc.subject | Risk Factors | |
dc.subject | Case-Control Studies | |
dc.subject | Postmenopause | |
dc.subject | Adult | |
dc.subject | Aged | |
dc.subject | Middle Aged | |
dc.subject | Female | |
dc.subject | Young Adult | |
dc.subject | Breast Density | |
dc.title | Combined effects of endogenous sex hormone levels and mammographic density on postmenopausal breast cancer risk: results from the Breakthrough Generations Study. | |
dc.type | Journal Article | |
dcterms.dateAccepted | 2014-01-16 | |
rioxxterms.versionofrecord | 10.1038/bjc.2014.64 | |
rioxxterms.licenseref.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 | |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2014-04 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | |
dc.relation.isPartOf | British journal of cancer | |
pubs.issue | 7 | |
pubs.notes | Not known | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Breast Cancer Research | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Breast Cancer Research/Aetiological Epidemiology | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Breast Cancer Research/Endocrinology | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Breast Cancer Research/Gene Function | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Genetics and Epidemiology | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Genetics and Epidemiology/Aetiological Epidemiology | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Molecular Pathology | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Molecular Pathology/Endocrinology | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Molecular Pathology/Endocrinology/Endocrinology (hon.) | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Molecular Pathology/Gene Function | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/Royal Marsden Clinical Units | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Breast Cancer Research | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Breast Cancer Research/Aetiological Epidemiology | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Breast Cancer Research/Endocrinology | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Breast Cancer Research/Gene Function | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Genetics and Epidemiology | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Genetics and Epidemiology/Aetiological Epidemiology | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Molecular Pathology | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Molecular Pathology/Endocrinology | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Molecular Pathology/Endocrinology/Endocrinology (hon.) | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/ICR Divisions/Molecular Pathology/Gene Function | |
pubs.organisational-group | /ICR/Primary Group/Royal Marsden Clinical Units | |
pubs.publication-status | Published | |
pubs.volume | 110 | |
pubs.embargo.terms | Not known | |
icr.researchteam | Aetiological Epidemiology | |
icr.researchteam | Endocrinology | |
icr.researchteam | Gene Function | |
dc.contributor.icrauthor | Schoemaker, Minouk | |
dc.contributor.icrauthor | Folkerd, Elizabeth | |
dc.contributor.icrauthor | Jones, Michael | |
dc.contributor.icrauthor | Swerdlow, Anthony | |