An exploratory analysis of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and prostate-specific antigen dynamics in the phase 3 ALSYMPCA trial with radium-223.
Date
2017-05Author
Sartor, O
Coleman, RE
Nilsson, S
Heinrich, D
Helle, SI
O'Sullivan, JM
Vogelzang, NJ
Bruland, Ø
Kobina, S
Wilhelm, S
Xu, L
Shan, M
Kattan, MW
Parker, C
Type
Journal Article
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Background Baseline clinical variables are prognostic for overall survival (OS) in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Their prognostic and predictive value with agents targeting bone metastases, such as radium-223, is not established.Patients and methods The radium-223 ALSYMPCA trial enrolled patients with CRPC and symptomatic bone metastases. Prognostic potential of baseline variables was assessed using Cox models. Percentage changes in biomarker levels from baseline were evaluated during the trial period; changes from baseline to week 12 were evaluated for association with OS and surrogacy.Results Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, total alkaline phosphatase (tALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at baseline were associated with OS (P ≤ 0.0003) in the intent-to-treat population (radium-223, N = 614; placebo, N = 307). tALP declined from baseline within 4 weeks after beginning radium-223, by week 12 declining in 87% of radium-223 and 23% of placebo patients (P < 0.001). LDH declined in 51% and 34% (P = 0.003), whereas PSA declined in 27% and 14% (P = 0.160). Mean tALP change from baseline was 32.2% decrease with radium-223 and 37.2% increase with placebo. Radium-223 patients with tALP decline from baseline to week 12 (confirmed ≥3 weeks from week 12) had 55% lower risk of death (hazard ratio = 0.45; 95% CI 0.34-0.61) versus those with no confirmed tALP decline. Proportional treatment effect (PTE) values for tALP, LDH, and PSA changes from baseline at week 12 as OS surrogate markers were 0.34 (95% CI: 0-0.746), 0.07 (95% CI: 0-0.211), and 0 (95% CI: 0-0.082), respectively.Conclusions Significant tALP declines (versus placebo) occurred as early as 4 weeks after beginning radium-223 therapy. tALP or LDH declines at 12 weeks correlated with longer OS, but did not meet statistical surrogacy requirements. Dynamic changes in tALP and LDH during radium-223 treatments may be useful to monitor, but do not serve as surrogates for survival.
Collections
Subject
Humans
Radium
Alkaline Phosphatase
Kallikreins
Prostate-Specific Antigen
L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
Radiopharmaceuticals
Prognosis
Treatment Outcome
Multivariate Analysis
Proportional Hazards Models
Male
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant
Biomarkers, Tumor
Language
eng
Date accepted
2017-02-16
License start date
2017-05
Citation
Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology, 2017, 28 (5), pp. 1090 - 1097